Do You Get A Chickenpox Vaccine? Understanding Varicella Vaccination
The answer is a resounding yes; getting the chickenpox vaccine (varicella vaccine) is strongly recommended for nearly everyone to prevent this highly contagious and often uncomfortable disease. This article dives deep into why do you get a chickenpox vaccine, who should get it, and what to expect.
What is Chickenpox and Why Worry About It?
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Before the introduction of the varicella vaccine, it was an almost universal childhood experience. While often considered a mild illness, chickenpox can lead to serious complications, including:
- Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues.
- Pneumonia.
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
- Hospitalization and, in rare cases, death.
Even without complications, chickenpox is intensely itchy and uncomfortable, causing disruption to school, work, and family life. Furthermore, the virus remains dormant in the body after the initial infection and can reactivate later in life as shingles, a painful condition affecting nerves.
The Benefits of the Chickenpox Vaccine
The varicella vaccine offers significant protection against chickenpox and its potential complications. The benefits include:
- Preventing Chickenpox: The vaccine is highly effective, preventing chickenpox in about 90% of those who receive both doses.
- Reducing Severity of Infection: Even if a vaccinated individual contracts chickenpox, the illness is typically much milder, with fewer blisters, less itching, and a lower risk of complications.
- Protecting Vulnerable Populations: Vaccination protects not only the individual but also helps create herd immunity, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants too young to be vaccinated and individuals with weakened immune systems.
- Decreasing Shingles Risk: While more research is needed, evidence suggests that the chickenpox vaccine may also reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life, compared to getting chickenpox naturally.
Who Should Get the Chickenpox Vaccine?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the varicella vaccine for the following groups:
- Children: All children should receive two doses of the varicella vaccine. The first dose is typically given between 12 and 15 months of age, and the second dose is given between 4 and 6 years of age.
- Adolescents and Adults: Adolescents and adults who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated should receive two doses of the varicella vaccine, given at least 28 days apart.
- Healthcare Workers: Healthcare workers who have not had chickenpox or been vaccinated should receive the varicella vaccine to protect themselves and their patients.
- People Planning to Become Pregnant: Women who are planning to become pregnant should be vaccinated against chickenpox if they are not already immune. It’s important to note that the vaccine should not be given during pregnancy.
The Chickenpox Vaccine Schedule and What to Expect
The typical schedule for the chickenpox vaccine is as follows:
- Children:
- First dose: 12-15 months of age.
- Second dose: 4-6 years of age.
- Adolescents and Adults:
- Two doses, given at least 28 days apart.
After vaccination, some individuals may experience mild side effects, such as:
- Soreness or redness at the injection site.
- A mild rash.
- Fever.
These side effects are usually mild and resolve within a few days. Serious side effects are extremely rare.
Common Myths and Misconceptions About the Chickenpox Vaccine
There are several common myths and misconceptions surrounding the chickenpox vaccine. Here are a few:
- Myth: Chickenpox is a harmless childhood disease.
- Fact: While often mild, chickenpox can lead to serious complications.
- Myth: The chickenpox vaccine causes autism.
- Fact: This has been thoroughly debunked by numerous scientific studies. There is no link between the varicella vaccine and autism.
- Myth: Once you’ve had the chickenpox vaccine, you’re immune for life.
- Fact: The vaccine provides excellent long-term protection, but booster doses may be recommended in some cases. It is important to consult your doctor to ensure you have adequate immunity.
- Myth: Natural infection is better than vaccination.
- Fact: Vaccination provides protection against chickenpox without the risk of complications associated with natural infection.
Do You Get A Chickenpox Vaccine? Examining The Different Types of Vaccines
There is generally one type of chickenpox vaccine available. It is a live attenuated vaccine. This means it contains a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus, which stimulates the body’s immune system to produce antibodies without causing a full-blown infection. Sometimes the varicella vaccine is combined with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine into a single shot called MMRV. Your doctor can advise you on the best option.
Situations Where the Chickenpox Vaccine is Not Recommended
While generally safe and effective, the varicella vaccine is not recommended for everyone. Some contraindications include:
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women should not receive the varicella vaccine.
- Weakened Immune System: Individuals with certain medical conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or cancer, should not receive the vaccine.
- Allergic Reaction: Individuals who have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the varicella vaccine or to any of its components should not receive the vaccine.
- Certain Medications: People taking certain medications that suppress the immune system, such as high-dose corticosteroids, should not receive the vaccine.
If you have any concerns about whether you or your child should receive the varicella vaccine, consult your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is the chickenpox vaccine safe?
The chickenpox vaccine is considered very safe. Millions of doses have been administered worldwide, and serious side effects are extremely rare. Common side effects are mild and self-limiting. The benefits of getting the vaccine far outweigh the risks.
How effective is the chickenpox vaccine?
The chickenpox vaccine is highly effective, preventing chickenpox in about 90% of those who receive both doses. Even if a vaccinated individual contracts chickenpox, the illness is typically much milder.
Can you still get chickenpox after being vaccinated?
Yes, it is possible to get chickenpox after being vaccinated, but it is much less likely. When breakthrough infections occur, they are usually mild.
If I had chickenpox as a child, do I need the vaccine?
No, if you had chickenpox as a child, you are generally considered immune and do not need the vaccine. However, if you are unsure whether you had chickenpox, you can get a blood test to check for immunity.
Can the chickenpox vaccine cause shingles?
The chickenpox vaccine contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes shingles. While theoretically possible, the vaccine is less likely to cause shingles than naturally acquired chickenpox. Furthermore, there is now a shingles vaccine available for adults.
What are the common side effects of the chickenpox vaccine?
Common side effects include soreness or redness at the injection site, a mild rash, and fever. These side effects are usually mild and resolve within a few days.
How long does the chickenpox vaccine last?
The chickenpox vaccine provides long-term protection, but the exact duration of immunity is not fully known. Studies suggest that immunity can last for at least 10 to 20 years.
Can adults get the chickenpox vaccine?
Yes, adults who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated should receive two doses of the varicella vaccine, given at least 28 days apart. It is especially important for healthcare workers, teachers, and those who live with immunocompromised individuals to get vaccinated.
What if I’m pregnant and not immune to chickenpox?
If you are pregnant and not immune to chickenpox, talk to your doctor. The varicella vaccine is not recommended during pregnancy. Your doctor may recommend avoiding contact with individuals who have chickenpox or shingles.
How is the chickenpox vaccine administered?
The chickenpox vaccine is administered as a subcutaneous injection (under the skin) in the arm or thigh. It is typically given by a doctor or nurse.
Where can I get the chickenpox vaccine?
You can get the chickenpox vaccine at your doctor’s office, a local health clinic, or some pharmacies. Contact your healthcare provider to schedule an appointment.
How much does the chickenpox vaccine cost?
The cost of the chickenpox vaccine can vary depending on your insurance coverage and where you get the vaccine. Many insurance plans cover the cost of the vaccine. Contact your insurance provider for more information. You should also look into free community clinics if you are worried about cost.