Do You Get Tested For Genital Warts When Pregnant?
While routine screening specifically for genital warts is not typically performed during pregnancy, the presence of visible warts will prompt examination and potential testing for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes them. Early detection and management are crucial for maternal and fetal health.
Understanding Genital Warts and HPV
Genital warts are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Most people infected with HPV never develop symptoms, but certain strains can cause visible warts on the genitals, anus, or surrounding areas. During pregnancy, the presence of genital warts can raise concerns due to the potential for transmission to the baby during delivery and the possibility of increased growth and bleeding of the warts due to hormonal changes. Therefore, understanding how prenatal care addresses this issue is essential.
The Role of Prenatal Care
Prenatal care aims to ensure the health of both the mother and the developing baby. Routine prenatal visits involve a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various screenings. While a specific test solely for genital warts isn’t standard, the healthcare provider will visually inspect the genital area during routine examinations. If warts are observed, further investigation will be undertaken.
Addressing Visible Warts During Pregnancy
If genital warts are identified during pregnancy, the healthcare provider will assess their size, location, and number. Several treatment options are available that are safe to use during pregnancy, focused on managing symptoms and preventing transmission during delivery.
- Topical Medications: Certain topical creams and solutions may be prescribed. However, not all topical treatments are safe during pregnancy. It’s crucial to use only those approved by your doctor.
- Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the warts off with liquid nitrogen. It’s generally considered safe during pregnancy.
- Laser Therapy: In some cases, laser therapy may be used to remove warts, particularly if they are large or numerous.
- Surgical Removal: Surgical excision may be necessary for very large or problematic warts.
Why Not Routine Screening?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend routine HPV testing or screening for genital warts during pregnancy unless there are visible lesions. This is partly because the treatment is symptomatic, focusing on removing the warts rather than eradicating the virus. Additionally, the presence of HPV doesn’t always necessitate a Cesarean section; vaginal delivery is often possible unless the warts are large or numerous enough to obstruct the birth canal.
Potential Risks to the Baby
While the risk is low, there’s a small chance that the baby can contract HPV during vaginal delivery. In rare cases, this can lead to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a condition where warts grow in the baby’s throat. Cesarean section is considered if there are active, large, or numerous genital warts that could pose a significant risk of transmission during vaginal delivery.
Management During Labor and Delivery
The management of genital warts during labor and delivery depends on several factors:
- Size and Number of Warts: If the warts are small and few in number, vaginal delivery is generally safe.
- Location of Warts: Warts obstructing the birth canal may necessitate a Cesarean section.
- History of RRP: A history of RRP in previous children may also influence the decision.
The goal is to minimize the risk of transmission to the baby while avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions.
Summary Table of Treatment Options
| Treatment | Safety During Pregnancy | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Topical Medications | Some are safe | Consult your doctor before using any topical medication. Imiquimod and podophyllin are generally avoided during pregnancy. |
| Cryotherapy | Generally Safe | A common and effective method for wart removal. |
| Laser Therapy | Possible | Used in specific cases, often for larger warts. Requires specialized equipment and expertise. |
| Surgical Removal | Possible | Reserved for large or problematic warts. Carries the risks associated with any surgical procedure. |
Importance of Open Communication
It’s crucial to have open and honest communication with your healthcare provider throughout your pregnancy. Disclose any history of HPV or genital warts, and don’t hesitate to ask questions or express concerns. Early detection and appropriate management can help ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
FAQs About Genital Warts and Pregnancy
1. If I had genital warts before pregnancy, will they come back?
Yes, it’s possible for genital warts to recur during pregnancy. Hormonal changes can sometimes cause existing HPV infections to become more active. Monitor yourself for any new or recurring warts and inform your healthcare provider if you notice any changes.
2. Can genital warts affect my ability to get pregnant?
In most cases, genital warts do not directly affect your ability to conceive. However, persistent HPV infections can sometimes be associated with other reproductive health issues, so it’s always best to discuss your concerns with your doctor.
3. What if I discover genital warts during pregnancy?
Contact your healthcare provider immediately. They will examine the warts, confirm the diagnosis, and discuss appropriate treatment options that are safe for you and your baby.
4. Will I automatically need a C-section if I have genital warts?
No, a C-section is not automatically required. The decision depends on the size, number, and location of the warts. Vaginal delivery is often possible if the warts are small and don’t obstruct the birth canal.
5. Are there any over-the-counter treatments I can use for genital warts during pregnancy?
No, you should not use any over-the-counter treatments for genital warts during pregnancy without consulting your healthcare provider. Many of these treatments are not safe for use during pregnancy and could harm the baby.
6. Can my partner be tested for HPV if I have genital warts during pregnancy?
Yes, your partner can be tested for HPV, but it’s important to note that there is no standard test for HPV in men. The doctor might visually inspect for warts, but that’s about the limit of testing.
7. How long does it take to treat genital warts during pregnancy?
The time it takes to treat genital warts varies depending on the treatment method and the severity of the warts. Some treatments may require multiple sessions, while others may be effective after just a few applications.
8. Will my baby definitely get HPV if I have genital warts?
No, your baby will not definitely get HPV. The risk of transmission is low, but it’s essential to take precautions and follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations to minimize the risk.
9. What are the symptoms of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in babies?
Symptoms of RRP in babies can include hoarseness, chronic cough, breathing difficulties, and stridor (a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing). If you notice any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
10. If I’ve had the HPV vaccine, can I still get genital warts during pregnancy?
The HPV vaccine protects against the most common strains of HPV that cause genital warts, but it doesn’t protect against all strains. Therefore, it’s still possible to develop genital warts even if you’ve been vaccinated.
11. How can I prevent the spread of genital warts during pregnancy?
Avoid sexual contact with partners who have genital warts. If you do have sex, use condoms to reduce the risk of transmission. Maintain good hygiene and avoid touching the warts directly.
12. Where can I find more information about HPV and pregnancy?
You can find more information about HPV and pregnancy from reputable sources such as the CDC, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance. The answer to “Do You Get Tested For Genital Warts When Pregnant?” lies in understanding the process and potential benefits.