Can Child Get Measles If Vaccinated?
While the measles vaccine is highly effective, the answer is, yes, a child can get measles even if vaccinated, although it’s far less likely and the illness is typically milder.
Understanding Measles and Its Dangers
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that, before widespread vaccination, was a common childhood disease. However, it’s far from harmless. Measles can lead to serious complications, including:
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis (brain swelling)
- Deafness
- Death
The disease spreads through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It’s so contagious that if one person has it, 90% of the people close to that person who are not immune will also become infected. Prior to the measles vaccine, outbreaks were common, resulting in significant illness and loss of life.
The Measles Vaccine: A Powerful Tool
The measles vaccine, typically given as part of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, is one of the most effective vaccines available. Two doses of the MMR vaccine are approximately 97% effective in preventing measles. This high effectiveness rate is a testament to the vaccine’s ability to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that protect against the virus. The vaccine works by exposing the body to a weakened (attenuated) form of the measles virus. This triggers an immune response without causing the full-blown disease.
Why Breakthrough Cases Happen: Understanding Vaccine Efficacy
While the measles vaccine is remarkably effective, it’s not 100% foolproof. A small percentage of vaccinated individuals may still contract measles, known as a breakthrough case. There are several reasons why this can occur:
- Primary Vaccine Failure: In some individuals, the immune system simply doesn’t mount an adequate response to the vaccine. This can be due to factors such as underlying immune deficiencies, genetic predisposition, or incorrect vaccine storage or administration.
- Secondary Vaccine Failure (Waning Immunity): Over time, the immunity provided by the vaccine may wane, making individuals more susceptible to infection. While this is less common with measles than with some other vaccines, it can occur.
- Exposure to a High Viral Load: Even with immunity, exposure to a very high dose of the measles virus could overwhelm the immune system and lead to infection.
- Vaccine Administration Issues: Though rare, if the vaccine is improperly stored or administered (e.g., not kept at the correct temperature), its effectiveness can be compromised.
Characteristics of Measles in Vaccinated Individuals
If a vaccinated child does contract measles, the symptoms are usually milder and the duration of the illness is shorter compared to unvaccinated individuals. They are also less likely to experience severe complications.
| Feature | Unvaccinated Individuals | Vaccinated Individuals (Breakthrough Case) |
|---|---|---|
| Symptom Severity | More severe | Milder |
| Complications | Higher risk | Lower risk |
| Duration of Illness | Longer | Shorter |
| Contagiousness | More contagious | Less contagious |
Importance of Herd Immunity
Even with highly effective vaccines, achieving herd immunity is crucial for protecting the most vulnerable members of society who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants too young to receive the vaccine, individuals with certain medical conditions that preclude vaccination, and those who don’t respond adequately to the vaccine. Herd immunity is achieved when a high percentage of the population is immune to a disease, making it difficult for the disease to spread. When vaccination rates decline, herd immunity is compromised, increasing the risk of outbreaks.
The Importance of Staying Up-to-Date
- Vaccination is the best protection against measles.
- Make sure your child receives the recommended two doses of the MMR vaccine.
- Consult with your healthcare provider to ensure your family is up-to-date on all recommended vaccinations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can Child Get Measles If Vaccinated Against It Once?
One dose of the measles vaccine is about 93% effective. While it provides significant protection, it is not as effective as two doses (97%). Therefore, a child is more likely to get measles with only one dose compared to two.
Is There A Specific Blood Test To Determine If My Child Is Immune to Measles After Vaccination?
Yes, a blood test called a measles antibody titer can determine if your child has sufficient antibodies to protect against measles. This test measures the level of antibodies in the blood. A positive result indicates immunity, while a negative or low result may suggest waning immunity or the need for a booster dose.
What Are The Side Effects Of The MMR Vaccine?
The MMR vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. Common side effects are usually mild and can include fever, rash, and soreness at the injection site. Serious side effects are extremely rare.
How Contagious Is Measles in Vaccinated Individuals Who Get It?
While still contagious, vaccinated individuals who develop measles are typically less contagious than unvaccinated individuals. They tend to shed the virus for a shorter period and at lower levels.
What Should I Do If I Suspect My Vaccinated Child Has Measles?
If you suspect your vaccinated child has measles, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can perform diagnostic testing and provide appropriate medical care. It’s also crucial to isolate your child to prevent the spread of the disease.
Are There Any Contraindications To Getting the MMR Vaccine?
Yes, there are some contraindications to receiving the MMR vaccine. These include a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the MMR vaccine or any of its components, pregnancy, and certain immunocompromising conditions.
Can the MMR Vaccine Cause Autism?
No, the MMR vaccine does not cause autism. This has been extensively studied and debunked by numerous scientific organizations and medical experts. The initial study that raised concerns about this link was fraudulent and has been retracted.
What is the difference between the MMR and MMRV vaccine?
The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. The MMRV vaccine protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). The MMRV vaccine is typically used in children aged 12 months to 12 years.
Is There a Measles Outbreak Risk in My Area? How can I find out?
Information on measles outbreaks can typically be found at the CDC website and your local health department website. Staying informed helps you take appropriate precautions if outbreaks are present.
What is the cost of the MMR vaccine?
In the United States, the MMR vaccine is often covered by health insurance. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines at no cost to eligible children who might not otherwise be vaccinated because of inability to pay. Contact your local health department or clinic for specific cost information.
If my child had the measles as a child, do they still need the MMR vaccine?
Generally, if a child has laboratory-confirmed measles infection, they are considered immune and do not need the MMR vaccine. However, it’s always best to confirm with a healthcare provider and provide documentation of the measles infection.
Does breastfeeding provide immunity to measles?
Breastfeeding provides many benefits to infants but does not guarantee immunity to measles. Antibodies passed from mother to baby provide some protection, but this protection is temporary and not always sufficient. Vaccination remains the most effective way to protect against measles.